What is an abacus?
A manual computing device consisting of a frame holding parallel rods strung with movable counters.
In 1936, Zuse invented this type of computer?
First Programmable Computer
Post a photo of the 1944 Mark Computer.
In 1944, Aiken and Hopper designed the Mark Series of computers to be used for what?
Used by Navy for Gunnery and Ballistic Calculations.
Post a photo of the UNIVAC Computer.
In 1951, Eckert and Mauchly designed the first commercial computer for whom?
For the Census Bureau
What does UNIVAC stand for?
Universal Automatic Computer
In 1953, IBM enters the scene. What does IBM stand for?
International Business Machines
What is FORTRAN?
Fortran = The IBM mathematical formula translating system.
Post a photo of the first mouse.
In 1964, how did Engelbart change the way computers worked?
Engelbart made them more user friendly.
What is the significance of ARPnet?
ARPnet was the first internet, was developed to protect the flow of information between military installations by creating a network of geographically separated computers. ARPnet = Advanced research projects agency networks
In 1971, Intel introduced this?
Intel introduced the first single chip microprocessor, the intel 4004.
Post a photo of it.
In the same year, IBM introduced this? Post a photo of one.
IBM introduced the first "memory disk" commonly called a 'floppy disk" because of it's flexibility.
In 1973, Metcalf and Xerox created this?
The first ethernet computer network.
During the next several years, the first consumer computers were marketed.
Scelbi Mark-8
Post photos of the Altair, Apple I, Apple II, TRS-80, Commodore PET. Label each.
In 1981, Bill Gates and Microsoft introduced this package?
The MS-DOS computer operating system which was packaged with the IBM PC.
Post a photo of the Lisa computer.
In 1983, who introduced the Lisa computer?
Apple
What is GUI?
GUI = Graphical User interface
Post a photo of the computer mentioned below.
In 1984, a more affordable home computer was introduced. Name the computer and the company that marketed it? Apple Macintosh Computer
The commercial only ran one time. When?During the super bowl, on January 22, 1984.
In response to the Apple GUI, Gates and Microsoft introduced this?
Introduced the Windows operating system.
Two men are known for their development of the Apple I computer. Who are they?
Steve Wozinak and Steve Jobs
When was the internet that we know, world wide web, developed and introduced?
developed in 1989 and introduced in 1991
Over the years, Apple has included "easter eggs" within their software. What is an "easter egg"?
Easter Eggs are fun little things like poems, letters, or pictures hidden in apple products that can only be found using the right directions.
Search for easter eggs in Photoshop and Illustrator. List a few in this post ... and try to find them in the applications
Open photoshop. open the layers panel menu. hold down ALT and click on panel options. A small image of Merlin will appear.
Where do you think computers will take us in the next 10 years?
Until the 1880s, how were news stories illustrated?
photographs required the image to be re-enterpreted by an engraver before being published.
What is a camera obscura?
Known to scholars and philosophers in the 4th century as a way to observe light. Means Dark Chamber.
Post an example of a camera obscura.
How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?
As an optical device that projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen. The 13th century, it was used for the safe observation of solar eclipses and phases of the moon.
From where did the photographic camera develop?
From the portable box came the development of the photographic camera and the ability to accept a sheet of light sensitive material to capture the image or scene.
Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?
Sir john Hershel. Derived from the greek words for light and Writing.
Post a photo of the first photograph.
Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?
In the summer of 1827, Joseph Niepce was credited with making the first successful photograph.
Post an example of a Daguerreotype image.
Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Daguerre was credited with creating the first practical photographic process in 1839. He exposed a light-sensitive metal sheet, which created a direct positive image. Exposure time was reduced to half an hour.
The Daguerreotype process was good, but expensive. It became and instant craze. There was a growing need for a means of duplicating an image, which could not be done with this process.
Post an example of a Calotype image.
Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
William Fox Talbot. The subject was exposed onto light-sensitive paper, producing a paper negative. The quality was inferior to the striking images produced by the Daguerreotype process. Talbot, made improvements by 1844, he was able to create a photographically illustrated book entitled "The Pencil of Nature." From the negative an unlimited amount of duplicates could e made. The calotype is the basis of our modern photographic process.
Post an example of a Wet Collodion Process image.
Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Fredrick Scott Archer was credited with developing the Wet Collodion Process, or Wet Plate Process.
Glass Plates were used for the negative. This process reduced the exposure time to 2 or 3 seconds. As well, the cost was significantly less then the previous processes. Glass plates were coated with collodion, a colorless syrupy solution or nitrocellulose in ether. Plates had to be exposed and developed immediately, while the plates were still wet. Glass plates produced sharper images.
Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image.
Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Richard Maddox made the first successful dry plate negative in 1871. Used gelatin instead of glass for the photographic plate. it is still the base of our film today.
Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish?
Remembered for making photography accessible to all. In 1884, Eastman invented roll film a photographic medium that replaced fragile glass plates with a photo-emulision coated on paper rolls. Kodak.
Post an example of The Kodak Camera from 1888.
In 1888, he produced a camera that use his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?
The camera owner could send in the camera with a minimal processing fee. The company would process the film, reload the camera and return it to the owner. In an effort to bring photography to the masses, eastman introduced the brownie an 1900 at the price of just $1.
What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?
Patenting polarized light filters in 1934 and his invention of instant photography in 1948. the polaroid Corporation was founded in 1937.
Post a photo of the first Polaroid camera.
How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?
60 seconds.
What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?
An english photographer known for his work. Using multiple cameras to capture motion.
Post a photo of the Zoopraxiscope.
What is the Zoopraxiscope?
This was a device used to project a series of images in successive phases of motion.
Post a photo of Muybridge's horse in motion.
How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion?
In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?To capture a horse with a four of it's feet off the ground.
Post a photo of a motion picture projector.
What is a motion picture projector?
A picture projector to shine a light through the film and magnify the 'moving picture" onto a screen for n audience.
Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter?
Christopher Sholes
What is a "stenographer"?
Post an example of Shole's typewriter.
Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?
Sholes sent a prototype to Clephane because Sholes knew that stenographers would be the ones using the typewriter.
After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?
It still took to long to typeset and copy the words
Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?
Ottmar Mergenthaler
What is meant by "typesetting"?
Post an example of Linotype Machine.
How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?
The linotype machine allowed type to be set mechanically, rather then by hand.
How did this machine change the newspaper industry?
Post an example of a Linotype keyboard.
How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?
They had a set of uppercase keys, a set of lower case keys and a set of small uppercase keys, digits and symbols.
Post an example of a Linotype slug.
What is a slug?
The assembled line of type is cast as a single piece, called a slug.
Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.
Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?
Because the linotype machine made things fast efficient.
